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The cyclic Isoureas and ureas are two crucial heterocyclic moieties which are
widely found in natural products and pharmaceuticals1
. Additionally, they also serve as
important building blocks and intermediates in different organic transformations, like chiral
auxiliaries in asymmetric alkylation2
and precursors to 1,2-diamines and 1,2-aminoalcohols3
.
Therefore, the development of efficient, sustainable, cost effective and green methods to
access these heterocyclic moieties are of great importance and the ideas of electrooxidation
and electrophotocatalysis processes to activate the unfunctionalized olefin via ionic and
radical activation and then ring cyclization suitably serve the purposes.
During electrooxidation, organic molecules undergo direct oxidation at the anode surface and
generate highly reactive radical or ionic intermediates, which then participate in subsequent
chemical reactions to construct a wide range of heterocyclic structures through the formation
of C–C and C–Het bonds4
, while it usually generates harmless hydrogen gas at cathode. On
the other hand, electrophotocatalysis5
combines the electrochemistry and photochemistry to
regulate the formation of reactive intermediates and the consequent reactions lead to the
formation valuable organic scaffolds in sustainable, metal free, environmentally benign and
mild conditions. |