Details of CH2101 (Autumn 2020)

Level: 2 Type: Theory Credits: 3.0

Course CodeCourse NameInstructor(s)
CH2101 Elements of Chemistry II Arindam Mukherjee,
Suman De Sarkar

Syllabus
Basic redox chemistry- recapitulation of balancing equations, oxidation number, various
electrochemical cells (viz. Daniel cell, concentration cells), electrolysis cells and electroplating,
Nernsts Equation, reduction potential, standard electrodes (viz. silver, calomel, hydrogen),
Factors affecting reduction potential, pH electrode, corrosion as redox reaction, few examples of
redox processes in biological systems (4 lectures)

Concept of Acids and Bases: Acidity, basicity, models of acid-base chemistry (Arrhenius,
Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis and pearson HSAB), Different concepts of HSAB and Lewis model and
correlation with frontier orbitals, examples of reaction governed by HSAB principle, hardness
scale, concept of superacids and bases (3 lectures)

Introduction to Crystal Field theory: CFT basic postulates, octahedral, tetrahedral, square-planar,
square-pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal crystal field, Ligand effect and CFSE, influence of CFSE
on stability, drawbacks of CFT (3 lectures)

Introduction to solids:Amorphous vs. crystalline solids, types of crystalline solids, Bravais
lattice, crystal systems, unit cell, close packing of various types, packing density, examples of
close packed structures, radius -ratio, ionic solids, Madelung constant, Born-Lande equation,
basic thermodynamics of ionic crystal (viz. Born-Haber cycle), discrepancies in lattice energy,
octahedral and tetrahedral holes, spinel structures and influence of CFSE, calculations of void
spaces and packing parameters, point defects (Schottky and Frenkel), colour centres and their
influence, metals and their packing, influence of impurities on metals, utility of alloys, Humerothary rules, basics of doping and conductivity, Miller Indices-concept of planes, indexing
planes, symmetry and equivalent planes. (9 lectures)

Introduction to Symmetry, Group theory and Molecular orbitals:Recapitulation (concept of a
chemical bond-ionic and covalent bond, Lewis structure, octet rule,Formal Charge, Fajans Rule.
VSEPR model and hybridization), symmetry and its elements, symmetry operations,
combination of symmetry operations, expressing symmetry operations in matrices, finding point
group, improper axis of rotation vs. chirality, properties of point group, Mullikans symbols of
relevance, construction of character table of C2v, C3v, C2h, Finding reducible and irreducible
representations and assigning Mullikens symbols, overlap and symmetry, use of symmetry to
construct molecular orbitals, recapitulation of N2, O2 and CO ,orbitals of a molecule in a point
group vs. irreducible representations, Use of SALC/projection operator method for MO diagram
11
of H2F
-
,H2O, NH3, CO2, BH3, BF3, ethylene, methane, use of AO energies and nodes to guess
qualitative ordering of orbitals, comparison of properties using MO diagram (9 lectures)

Aromaticity (4 lectures)

Concepts of aromaticity: Structural, electronic and energy criteria for aromaticity, Huckels rule,
antiaromaticity, Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,
Stereochemistry (8 lectures)

Representation of molecules in Fischer, saw horse, flying-wedge and Newman formulae and
their inter translations, symmetry elements, molecular chirality
Stereocentres: stereogenicity, chirotopicity, systems involving 1,2,3 centres
D/L and R/S descriptor, threo/erythro and syn/anti nomenclatures
cis/trans, syn/anti, E/Z descriptors (for C=C, C=N)
Conformation: Conformational nomenclature, eclipsed, staggered, gauche and anti; dihedral
angle, torsion angle, energy barrier of rotation, relative stability of conformers on the basis of
steric effect, dipole-dipole interaction, H-bonding etc.
Specific rotation, optical purity (enantiomeric excess)

References

Course Credit Options

Sl. No.ProgrammeSemester NoCourse Choice
1 IP 1 Not Allowed
2 IP 3 Not Allowed
3 IP 5 Not Allowed
4 MR 1 Not Allowed
5 MR 3 Not Allowed
6 MS 3 Core
7 RS 1 Not Allowed
8 RS 2 Not Allowed