Host pathogen interaction leads to either immunity or infection depending on the susceptibility of the host, virulence factors of pathogen, route of entry, mode of pathogen transmission as well as many environmental factors. A recent survey of human pathogens listed >1,400 different species, more than half are known to be zoonotic, of which at least 12% of all human pathogens are considered as Emerging Infectious Disease (EID). Influenza virus A, HIV/AIDS, SARS, MERS, Anthrax, Malaria and other arthropode borne diseases are few of them. EIDs become a continuous threat to all persons, regardless of age, sex, lifestyle, ethnic background, and socioeconomic status. We expect that understanding the mechanism of molecular components involved in host-pathogen interaction during infection with EIDs will provide better opportunity to develop more efficacious control measures against them